It studies the Neuro biology concepts at the molecular level with the application of knowledge on the animal models as they serve as the mosaic pattern for the research. It especially stress on the effects of genetics and epigenetics on neuronal development as they are laid down the platform for the evolution and inheritance.

It emphasis on understanding the causes and treatments for diverse childhood disorders, such as autism,Rett syndrome, holoprosencephaly, spina bifida, adrenoleukodystrophy, cerebral palsy and learning disabilities.

Keywords: Neuronal Development | Cerebral palsy | spina bifida | Proteomics | Neurogenetics..

These are the sole bearers in regulating the cell signalling mechanisms for the effective metabolic activities of the nervous system including both motion and sensing whose assets are the amino acid residues which desires for the effective Bio Synthetic Steps for their regulation. These include Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin, endogenous morphine which renders specialized functions in Hypothalamus.

Keywords: Transmitters | Receptors | Neurochemicals | Transducers | Sensors

It coordinates the activities of all the organisms and sends the signals in the form of electrochemical waves that traverse along the Axons, Dendrites, and Synaptic Complexes. It does by impinging the stimulus by external or internal means and regulates the responses for locomotion and sensing.

MultipleScelerosis is the common disease which produces detrimental effect with impairment of  Central Nervous System

Keywords: Synaptic Complex | Regulators | Locomotion | Sensory complex.

Neurogenesis is the birth of new neurons from neural stem or progenitor cells in the brain. It was long considered that the number of neurons was fixed and they did not replicate after maturity of the brain. It wasn’t until the 1990’s that neurogenesis was observed in the brains of humans, other primates and a number of other species that led to its widespread scientific acceptance.

The term neurogenesis is made up of the words “neuro” meaning “relating to nerves” and “genesis” meaning the formation of something. The term therefore refers to the growth and development of neurons. This process is most active while a baby is developing in the womb and is responsible for the pr The development of new neurons continues during adulthood in two regions of the brain. Neurogenesis takes place in the subventricular zone (SVZ) that forms the lining of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone that forms part of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus area. The SVZ is the site where neuroblasts are formed, which migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb. Many of these neuroblasts die shortly after they are generated. However, some go on to be functional in the tissue of the brain.oduction of the brain’s neurons.

Keywords: Progenitor cells | Subventricular Zone | Neuroblasts | Olfactory bulb | Rostral migrartory stream.

Signal Transducers regulate the whole process which are secreted by the small neurons which diffuses into the large part of the nervous system which bring the impact on the multiple neurons especially on the Brain as they finally ends up in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid.

Major Signal Transducers  include serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine.

Keywords: Transducers | Cerebral Spinal Fluid | Deep brain stimulations | Spinal cord stimulations | Oxytocin.

Neurochemical biomarkers are meant for diagnosing the detrimental causes and their prophylaxis for the dreadful Neurological disorders like alzheimer disease (ad), Dementias.They aids for desigining the life saving drugs.

It ensures the global monitoring of the brain energy metabolism with an account of neurochemical sequencing patterns yielding overall outcomes of a patient with an advent of technologies like eeg, ecg etc.  It desires to undergo novel approaches to  deliver  new molecular probes and new molecular imaging protocols for the  exploration of brain proteins with exploration into the early diagnosis by designing animal models.

Keywords: Neurochemical sequencing | Probes | Traumatic Brain Injury | Molecular imaging.

It deals the way which drugs corresponds to the nerve functioning with the effect at cellular level and their mechanisms and their influence behaviour which contributes to the studies of neural cells  at different level from the root of administration to the exit channel.

This research depends upon state of the art techniques including optogenetics, DREADD, patch-clamp, TEVC and extracellular electrophysiology, fluorescence-based methods, and sophisticated animal models for impulsive and compulsive disorders.

Keywords: Electrophysiology | Impulsive disorders | Compulsive disorders | Neurohormones | Secondary messangers | Transporters.

Psychopharmacology focuses on the study of the positive and negative impacts on the human brain with the drug interaction to the nervous system especially it impinges on the Addiction and Alcohol abuse         

It focuses on the accumulated alcohol in the hepatocytes and their affect on the nervous tissues.

Keywords: Neuropharmacology | Signalling pathways |  Addiction | Abuse | Hepatocytes | Nervous tissue.

 It augments the studies on the nervous system and the endocrine system which reflects  the studies on  hormonal responses at the ganglions and their sources in cerebrospinal  fluids pituitary glands.

 It employs a Wide range of neuroscience methodologies ranging from molecular  biology and genetically-manipulated rodent models to electrophysiological,  ontogenetic, morphological, cell imaging and whole animal approaches to get the facts how the brain reinforcing  hormone levels and how hormones in response  control brain  function.

Keywords: Endocrine system | Cerebrospinal fluids | Pituitary gland | Adrenal Gland | Hormones .

These are the healthy regulators of the Synaptic Plasticity and Memory relative functions rich in glutamate or D – Serine residues found in Nerve cells.

The NMDA receptor is one of three pharmacologically distinct subtypes of inotropic receptor channels that are sensitive to the endogenous excitatory amino acids which are far essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) generation of rhythms for breathing and locomotion.

Keywords: Synaptic Plasticity | NMDA receptor | Inotropic receptor channels | Breathing | Locomotion.

It imparts the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues in the medicinal fields with the following disciplines Electrotheraphy and electrophysiological (EEG, Electromyography).It contributes a lot in the Neuroimaging fields. 

Clinical Electrophysiology will embrace all aspects of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of dreadful diseases like cardiac arrhythmias with the aid of nature of electro grams.

Keywords: Electrophysiology | Cardiac arrhythmias | Neuro Anatomy | Sensory level stimulation | Motor level stimulation .

Neuroplasticity is also called brain plasticity or brain     malleability in which neurons has the potential to generate new neural connections throughout life allows the neurons in the brain to reimburse for injury and adjust their activity in response to new situations or changes in their environment.

PET and MRI brain scanning technology made a major contribution in this field to generate the cells which have a longer shelf life which is contrary to the conventional belief  that the brain's inability to regenerate new nerve cells.

With the survey conducted in different areas it is surmised that it plays  a vital role in the Brain science improve learning and memory, and solve problems with anxiety and depression.

It especially links with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves mainly focus on the oxidative stress, Ferroptosis and Hypomyelination.

It mainly illuminates the Brain iron homeostasis as it serves as the credible source for the development of drug therapies for aging-related disorders with the aid of potential reserve such as Iron as it   plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological functions in the brain through its participation in many cellular functions such as mitochondrial respiration, myelin synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism.

It is the first line cell defence mechanism executed on pathological species which counteracts at the nerve terminals. This includes the roles of CNS immune mediators (such as microglia and astrocytes, and their expressed cytokines and chemokine) and its delirious affects.

Studies revealed that low dose regime of MPTP or METH neurotoxicity and a paradigm which causes selective degeneration of striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals without affecting the cell body in the substantial nigra.

Clinical depression had a 30 % increase in brain inflammation, also referred to as Neuroinflammation.       

Employs engineered materials or devices (nanomaterial’s) with the smallest efficient organization on the nanometre scale (1–100 nm) that are able to interact with biological systems at the molecular level as they  directly corresponds and interact with target regions to induce physiological responses with minimal side effects.

Neural Nanotechnologies will result in the important insights on the brain mechanisms as they dug into the details of neuromicrocircuits and their degeneration using different animal models